For purposes of the False Medicaid Claims Act:

(1) Attorney General means the Attorney General, the office of the Attorney General, or a designee of the Attorney General;

(2) Claim means any request or demand, whether under a contract or otherwise, for money or property, and whether or not the state has title to the money or property, that:

(a) Is presented to an officer, employee, or agent of the state; or

(b) Is made to a contractor, grantee, or other recipient, if the money or property is to be spent or used on the state's behalf or to advance a state program or interest, and if the state:

(i) Provides or has provided any portion of the money or property requested or demanded; or

(ii) Will reimburse such contractor, grantee, or other recipient for any portion of the money or property which is requested or demanded;

(3) Good or service includes (a) any particular item, device, medical supply, or service claimed to have been provided to a recipient and listed in an itemized claim for payment and (b) any entry in the cost report, books of account, or other documents supporting such good or service;

(4)(a) Knowing and knowingly means that a person, with respect to information:

(i) Has actual knowledge of the information;

(ii) Acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the information; or

(iii) Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information.

(b) Acts committed in a knowing manner or committed knowingly shall not require proof of a specific intent to defraud;

(5) Material means having a natural tendency to influence or be capable of influencing the payment or receipt of money or property;

(6) Obligation means an established duty, whether or not fixed, arising from (a) an express or implied contractual, grantor-grantee, or licensor-licensee relationship, (b) a fee-based or similar relationship, (c) statute or rule or regulation, or (d) the retention of any overpayment;

(7) Person means any body politic or corporate, society, community, the public generally, individual, partnership, limited liability company, joint-stock company, or association; and

(8) Recipient means an individual who is eligible to receive goods or services for which payment may be made under the medical assistance program.